Low defect relaxed SiGe/strained Si structures on implant anneal buffer/strain relaxed buffer layers with epitaxial rare earth oxide interlayers and methods to fabricate same

ABSTRACT

A method provides a substrate having a top surface; forming a first semiconductor layer on the top surface, the first semiconductor layer having a first unit cell geometry; epitaxially depositing a layer of a metal-containing oxide on the first semiconductor layer, the layer of metal-containing oxide having a second unit cell geometry that differs from the first unit cell geometry; ion implanting the first semiconductor layer through the layer of metal-containing oxide; annealing the ion implanted first semiconductor layer; and forming a second semiconductor layer on the layer of metal-containing oxide, the second semiconductor layer having the first unit cell geometry. The layer of metal-containing oxide functions to inhibit propagation of misfit dislocations from the first semiconductor layer into the second semiconductor layer. A structure formed by the method is also disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO A RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of copending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/700,568, filed on Apr. 30, 2015, the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The embodiments of this invention relate generally to semiconductordevices and fabrication techniques and, more specifically, relate to thefabrication of semiconductor transistor devices.

BACKGROUND

For more than three decades, the continued miniaturization of metaloxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) has driven theworldwide semiconductor industry. Various impediments to continuedscaling have been predicted for decades, but a history of innovation hassustained Moore's Law in spite of many challenges. However, there aregrowing signs today that metal oxide semiconductor transistors arebeginning to reach their traditional scaling limits. Since it has becomeincreasingly difficult to improve MOSFETs and therefore complementarymetal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) performance through continued scaling,the development of further methods for improving performance, inaddition to scaling, has become critical. One such method involvesproviding strained channels for the CMOS circuits, using SiGe implantanneal buffer (IAB) and strain relaxed buffer (SRB) technologies.

LAB/SRB layers are thus currently considered as being technologycontenders for future development of small geometry semiconductordevices to enable an ability to provide FINFETs having different channelmaterials and different channel strain on the same substrate. After arelaxed top SiGe layer is formed strained Si could be grown on therelaxed top SiGe layer to form an nFET. In order to form a pFET device ahigher percentage (of Ge) strained SiGe could be grown on the relaxedtop SiGe layer.

However, a problem that can arise with respect to this fabricationprocess relates to a high defect density that can be present at thesurface of the IAB/SRB layer.

SUMMARY

In a first aspect thereof the embodiments of this invention provide amethod that includes providing a substrate having a top surface; forminga first semiconductor layer on the top surface of the substrate, thefirst semiconductor layer having a first unit cell geometry; epitaxiallydepositing a layer comprised of a metal-containing oxide on the firstsemiconductor layer, the layer of metal-containing oxide having a secondunit cell geometry that differs from the first unit cell geometry; ionimplanting the first semiconductor layer through the layer comprised ofa metal-containing oxide; annealing the ion implanted firstsemiconductor layer; and forming a second semiconductor layer on thelayer comprised of a metal-containing oxide, the second semiconductorlayer having the first unit cell geometry.

In another aspect thereof the embodiments of this invention provide astructure that includes a substrate having a top surface; a firstsemiconductor layer disposed on the top surface of the substrate, thefirst semiconductor layer having a first unit cell geometry; and a layercomprised of a metal-containing oxide disposed on the firstsemiconductor layer. The layer of metal-containing oxide has a secondunit cell geometry that differs from the first unit cell geometry toinhibit propagation of misfit dislocations from the first semiconductorlayer into the second semiconductor layer. The structure furtherincludes a second semiconductor layer disposed on the layer comprised ofthe metal-containing oxide, the second semiconductor layer having thefirst unit cell geometry.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows in an enlarged cross-sectional view (not to scale) a(compressively) strained Si_(1-x)Ge_(x) layer that is grown on a Siliconsubstrate.

FIG. 2 shows a result of growing an unstrained Silicon cap layer on theSiGe layer.

FIG. 3 shows a result of the performance of an ion implant process toform dislocation nucleation centers in the SiGe layer.

FIG. 4 shows a result of the performance of an anneal process to formmisfit dislocations (dislocation loops) originating from the nucleationcenters and to strain the Silicon cap layer.

FIG. 5 shows a result of the formation of additional layers on thestrained Si cap layer including a second SiGe layer and an optionalstrained Si layer (or a SiGe layer).

FIG. 6 shows in cross-section a structure in accordance with embodimentsof this invention, where the Silicon cap layer is replaced with a layerof epitaxial oxide (which may be referred to as a rare earth oxide),configured to inhibit propagation of threading dislocations from thefirst semiconductor layer into the second semiconductor layer.

FIG. 7 is a diagram that is useful in describing misfit dislocations andassociated threading dislocations.

FIG. 8 shows an alternate embodiment based on FIG. 5, where theadditional layers on the strained Si cap layer include a second SiGelayer and the optional SiGe layer referred to in the brief descriptionof FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example,instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as“exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments. All of the embodiments described inthis Detailed Description are exemplary embodiments provided to enablepersons skilled in the art to make or use the invention and not to limitthe scope of the invention which is defined by the claims.

The terms “epitaxial growth and/or deposition” and “epitaxially formedand/or grown” mean the growth of a semiconductor material on adeposition surface of a semiconductor material, in which thesemiconductor material being grown has the same crystallinecharacteristics as the semiconductor material of the deposition surface.In an epitaxial deposition process, the chemical reactants provided bysource gases are controlled and the system parameters are set so thatthe depositing atoms arrive at the deposition surface of thesemiconductor substrate with sufficient energy to move around on thesurface and orient themselves to the crystal arrangement of the atoms ofthe deposition surface. Therefore, an epitaxial semiconductor materialhas the same crystalline characteristics as the deposition surface onwhich it is formed. For example, an epitaxial semiconductor materialdeposited on a {100} crystal surface will take on a {100} orientation.In some embodiments, epitaxial growth and/or deposition processes areselective to forming on semiconductor surface, and do not depositmaterial on dielectric surfaces, such as silicon dioxide or siliconnitride surfaces.

Examples of various epitaxial growth process apparatuses that aresuitable for use in implementing the embodiments of this inventioninclude, but are not limited to, rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition(RTCVD), low-energy plasma deposition (LEPD), ultra-high vacuum chemicalvapor deposition (UHVCVD), atmospheric pressure chemical vapordeposition (APCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The temperature foran epitaxial deposition process typically ranges from about 550° C. toabout 900° C. Although higher temperature typically results in fasterdeposition, the faster deposition may result in crystal defects and filmcracking.

Before describing the embodiments of this invention, and in order toprovide an appreciation for the benefits derived from the use of theexemplary embodiments of this invention, reference will be made first toFIGS. 1-5 for describing one approach in order to illustrate theorigination of the problem that was alluded to above.

FIG. 1 shows in an enlarged cross-sectional view (not to scale) a(compressively) strained Si_(1-x)Ge_(x) layer 12 that is grown on aSilicon substrate 10. The Si_(1-x)Ge_(x) layer 12 could have a Gepercentage of, for example, 20%-40% (i.e., x=0.2 to 0.4), and could havea thickness in a range of, by example only, about 250 nm to about 1000nm.

FIG. 2 shows a result of growing an unstrained Silicon cap layer 14 onthe SiGe layer 12. The Silicon cap layer 14 can have a thickness in arange of about 5 nm to about 50 nm.

FIG. 3 shows a result of the performance of an ion implant process whereone of, for example, Hydrogen, Helium or Argon is implanted to formdefects that in turn form dislocation nucleation centers (shown as smallcircles). The implant energy is established so that preferably theimplant peak is positioned in the SiGe layer 12 near to the interfacewith the Silicon substrate 10.

FIG. 4 shows a result of the performance of an anneal process to formmisfit dislocations and associated threading dislocations (dislocationloops) originating from the nucleation centers. This relaxes thecompressively strained SiGe layer 12 and thus strains the previouslyunstrained Silicon cap layer 14. As shown, most of the threadingdislocations will stop at or reflect from the upper Si/SiGe interface.However, some of the threading dislocations will extend into the Siliconcap layer 14. The Si cap layer 14, which previously had the latticeconstant of the Si substrate 10, now exhibits the lattice constant ofthe SiGe layer 12 and becomes a strained Si layer.

FIG. 7 depicts in greater detail the threading dislocations that arisefrom a presence of misfit dislocations that exist at the interface ofthe substrate surface and a bottom surface of the SiGe epilayer. In thisexample the substrate is a Si{100} layer and the threading dislocationsexist in the SiGe epilayer and extend towards and to the top surface ofthe SiGe epilayer.

To summarize to this point, the compressively strained SiGe layer 12 isformed on the silicon substrate 10. Atoms are ion-implanted onto theSiGe layer 12 to cause hydrogen/helium small platelets formation duringanneal. Annealing is then performed to form the platelets, and form andmove the dislocations in order to relax the strained SiGe layer 12.During the anneal process interstitial dislocation loops are formed. Theinterstitial dislocation loops provide a basis for nucleation of misfitdislocations between the SiGe layer 12 and the silicon substrate 10,thereby relaxing the SiGe layer 12. The top silicon cap layer 14 formedon the SiGe layer 12 functions as a reflection layer, “bouncing” thedislocations back due the local strain difference at the Si/SiGeinterface.

FIG. 5 shows a result of the formation of additional layers on thestrained Si cap layer 14. First there is grown onto the strained Siliconlayer 14 a second SiGe layer 16, with the same Ge concentration as theSiGe layer 12, and an optional strained Si layer 18 in which NFETs canbe formed. The top-most optional strained Si layer 18 could, in someembodiments, instead be, as shown in FIG. 8, an additional SiGe layer 19with a higher Ge concentration than the first SiGe layer 12. PFETs canbe formed in the top-most additional SiGe layer 19 if present. The SiGelayer 16 can have a thickness in a range of about 100 nm to about 1000nm, and the optional strained Si layer 18 can have a thickness in arange of about 4 nm to about 40 nm. If the top-most additional SiGelayer 19 is formed instead of the optional strained Si layer 18 it canhave a thickness in a range of about 4 nm to about 40 nm.

In that the SiGe layer 12 is relaxed, the Silicon layer 14 has thelattice constant of the relaxed SiGe 12, meaning that it is strainedsilicon. Because of this the upper SiGe layer 16 will grow relaxed andcan be grown to any desired thickness. The upper SiGe layer 16 will nothave additional defects and can be used for any purpose desired.However, a problem exists in that the dislocation defects can propagatethrough the upper SiGe layer 16 and into the top Silicon layer 18. Thesedefects can be in the 1e5 to 1e7 range for optimized layers, dependingon the SiGe percentage, and are detrimental to subsequently formedtransistor devices, such as N-type FINFETS formed in the top Siliconlayer 18.

FIG. 6 shows in cross-section a structure in accordance with embodimentsof this invention that overcomes the problem of the dislocationspropagating into the SiGe layer 16 and into the top-most layer (e.g.,the Si layer 18) where devices are formed. In FIG. 6 it can be seen thatthe Si cap layer 14 is replaced with a layer 20 of epitaxial oxide(which may be referred to as a rare earth oxide). Since the epitaxialoxide 20 is a binary or ternary compound (as non-limiting examples, atleast one of La₂O₃, CeO₂, Y₂O₃, LaYO₃, (La_(x)Y_(1-x))₂O₃) it is moreefficient in deflecting the dislocations. Other factors limiting thedislocation propagation include, but need not be limited to: differentatomic radii than Si, a different unit cell than Si, and differentbonding energies between the group III-metal atoms and the oxygen atomsin the epitaxial oxide. The epitaxial oxides are polar compounds (ions)and are not covalently bound as semiconductors are. The epitaxial oxidelayer 20 does not allow the dislocations to propagate into the SiGelayer 16 thus providing a better quality SiGe layer 16 (the defects maytypically be in the 1e1 to 1e3 range as compared to the 1e5 to 1e7 rangeas in the structure shown in FIG. 5). This overcomes the problem of theSi/SiGe interface as shown in FIGS. 1-5, where the layers are quitesimilar and thus the dislocation reflection is not as effective, even ifthe layers at the Si/SiGe interface have different stress levels.Further, Si/SiGe crystallizes into a diamond lattice (diamond cubiccrystal structure), whereas epitaxial oxides exhibit a cubic lattice(i.e., a different unit cell geometry).

In general, exemplary epitaxial oxide materials grown on the underlyingSiGe semiconductor layer 12 include rare earth oxides (e.g., ceriumoxide (CeO₂), lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), gadoliniumoxide (Gd₂O₃), europium oxide (Eu₂O₃), and terbium oxide (Tb₂O₃)). Insome embodiments, the crystalline oxide layer 20 includes combinationsof rare earth oxides (e.g., a material such as ABO₃, where ‘A’ and ‘B’may be any rare earth metal (e.g., lanthanum scandium oxide (LaScO₃)).In yet another embodiment, a crystalline oxide layer 20 may includealuminum oxide Al₂O₃ or aluminum oxide compounds (e.g., lanthanumaluminum LaAlO₃).

Lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃) is a well-known oxide which has a larger La to Obond length, since La is a larger atom. However, under normalcircumstances La₂O₃ crystallizes with a hexagonal structure and cannotbe lattice-matched to silicon. There has been reported a cubic bixbyiteLa₂0₃ phase having a lattice constant of 1.138 nm. However, it is not astable phase under normal pressure and room temperature.

Thus, the use of some known compounds may be problematic. However, themetastable (La_(x)Y_(1-x))₂O₃ alloy, at around x=0.3, will be perfectlylattice-matched to silicon and will crystallize in the cubic structure.In spite of the tendency for La₂O₃ to crystallize hexagonally, the cubicmodification occurs due to crystal structure stabilization from theY-containing oxide and epitaxial stabilisation from the Si substrate. Atx=0.33, the lattice constant of the alloy will be 1.086 nm (e.g., twicethat of silicon). This follows from a linear interpolation between theLa₂O₃ lattice constant of 1.138 nm, the Y₂O₃ lattice constant of 1.06nm, and the use of Vegord's law. Further, a lattice constant of themixed rare earth oxide may be substantially a multiple of a latticeconstant of silicon.

A lathanium/yttrium compound epitaxial oxide is formed on thesemiconductor layer using methodology familiar to those of skill in theart. The epitaxial oxide in one exemplary embodiment includes 33% La₂O₃and 67% Y₂O₃ for matching at two times the lattice constant of silicon.MBE can be employed for forming the epitaxial oxide layer on silicon.U.S. Pat. No. 6,852,575, which is incorporated by reference herewith,discusses the linear interpolation of La₂0₃ and Y₂O₃ and an alloycreated therefrom.

In a method processing can proceed as shown in FIGS. 1-5, with theexception that in FIG. 2 the layer 20 of a selected epitaxial oxide(e.g., at least one of, but not limited to, La₂O₃, CeO₂, Y₂O₃, Gd₂O₃,LaYO₃, (La_(x)Y_(1-x))₂O₃) is grown instead of the Si layer 14. Theepitaxial oxide layer 20 can have a thickness in an exemplary range ofabout 10 nm to about 100 nm, or more specifically a thickness in anexemplary range of about 20 nm to about 50 nm, with a value of about 30nm being a more preferred thickness for many applications.

If the (La_(x)Y_(1-x))₂O₃ material is selected for the epitaxial oxidelayer 20 one technique for growing same can be found in, for example,the above referenced commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,852,575, “Methodof forming lattice-matched structure on silicon and structure formedthereby”, Bojarezuk, Jr. et al. As is disclosed a metastable(La_(x)Y_(1-x))₂O₃ alloy is created. The alloy, at around x=0.33, isperfectly lattice-matched to silicon and crystallizes in the cubicstructure.

The procedure involves providing a clean substrate, the SiGe layer 12 inthis case, and providing (La,Y)₂O₃. In other embodiments samarium can beused (e.g., (Sm_(x)Y_(1-x))₂O₃), or Gadolinium can be used (e.g.,(La_(x)Gd_(1-x))₂O₃), or Gadolinium oxide and Europium oxide can be used(e.g., (Gd_(x)Eu_(1-x))₂O₃), or another mixed rare earth oxide can beused.

La and Y are heated using standard high temperature commercial effusioncells. Typical La and Y cell operation temperatures are 1300-1700 C.Depending upon the specific cell temperature, the element fluxes can becontrolled (as is typical in a standard molecular beam depositionprocess) and thereby the relative composition of La:Y can be controlledin the deposited film. Oxygen is provided by a molecular oxygen beam.Alternatively, radio frequency (RF) excited atomic oxygen can beprovided as well, or in place of molecular oxygen.

With the La and Y cells raised to the appropriate temperature, and anoxygen flow rate of about 1-sccm, so that the chamber pressure is inabout the 1E-5 to 1E-4 range, the epitaxial growth of (La,Y)₂O₃ iscommenced by opening La and Y shutters with the substrate faring allthree sources (e.g., La, Y, and O). The substrate temperature istypically about 650° C., but can be anywhere in the 400-800° C. range.Epitaxial growth of (La,Y)₂O₃ then occurs. For (La_(x)Y_(1-x))₂O₃, xmaybe given as 0.02<x<0.80, where lattice matching occurs at aroundx=0.33.

Following deposition of the oxide, the vacuum chamber is pumped down toabout 10⁻⁹ torr to reduce background oxygen pressures. Next, the implantstep of FIG. 3 can be performed, followed by the anneal step of FIG. 4,followed by the growth of the SiGe layer 16 and the optional Si layer18.

Further by example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,610,548, “Crystal Growth Method ofOxide, Cerium Oxide, Promethium Oxide, Multi-Layered Structure ofOxides, Manufacturing Method of Field Effect Transistor, ManufacturingMethod of Ferroelectric Non-Volatile Memory and FerroelectricNon-Volatile Memory”, Amii et al. describes a process suitable forforming the epitaxial oxide layer 20 from CeO₂.

Another example of a procedure for growing a rare earth oxide can befound in U.S. Pat. No. 7,135,699, “Method and Apparatus for Growth ofSingle-crystal Rare-earth Oxides, Nitrides, and Phosphides”,Atanackovic.

The end result is the formation of a structure as shown in FIG. 6wherein there is a rare-earth containing oxide layer (the binary orternary compound layer 20) that is provided within a semiconductormaterial, where the layer 20 is positioned to inhibit dislocationsarising in a first semiconductor layer (layer 12) from propagating intoa second semiconductor layer (layer 16).

The structure of FIG. 6 can then be further processed to form anydesired devices such as CMOS FINFETs and/or planar transistors. As such,the structure of FIG. 6 can be viewed as an intermediate structureformed during fabrication of an integrated circuit.

Although described in the context of the semiconductor material beingSiGe in other embodiments other semiconductor materials could be used,including by example Si and Group III-V materials.

It is to be understood that although the exemplary embodiments discussedabove with reference to the embodiment of FIG. 6 can be used during theformation of common variants of FET devices including, e.g., FET deviceswith multi-fingered FIN and/or gate structures and FET devices ofvarying gate width and length. Moreover, transistor devices can beconnected to metalized pads or other devices by conventionalultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) metalization and lithographictechniques.

Integrated circuit dies can be fabricated with various devices such as afield-effect transistors, bipolar transistors, metal-oxide-semiconductortransistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc., havingcontacts that are formed using methods as described herein. Anintegrated circuit in accordance with the present invention can beemployed in applications, hardware, and/or electronic systems. Suitablehardware and systems in which such integrated circuits can beincorporated include, but are not limited to, personal computers,communication networks, electronic commerce systems, portablecommunications devices (e.g., cell phones), solid-state media storagedevices, functional circuitry, etc. Systems and hardware incorporatingsuch integrated circuits are considered part of this invention. Giventhe teachings of the invention provided herein, one of ordinary skill inthe art will be able to contemplate other implementations andapplications of the techniques of the invention.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of oneor more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components, and/or groups thereof.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of allmeans or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended toinclude any structure, material, or act for performing the function incombination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. Thedescription of the present invention has been presented for purposes ofillustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and the practical application, and to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated. As such, various modifications andadaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts inview of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings and the appended claims. As but some examples, theuse of other similar or equivalent fabrication processes, includingdeposition processes, etching processes may be used by those skilled inthe art. Further, the exemplary embodiments are not intended to belimited to only those semiconductor and other materials, rare earthmetals, insulators, concentrations, layer thicknesses and the like thatwere specifically disclosed above. Any and all such and similarmodifications of the teachings of this invention will still fall withinthe scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: providing a substrate havinga top surface; forming a first semiconductor layer on the top surface ofthe substrate, the first semiconductor layer having a first unit cellgeometry; epitaxially depositing a layer comprised of a metal-containingoxide on the first semiconductor layer, the layer of metal-containingoxide having a second unit cell geometry that differs from the firstunit cell geometry; ion implanting the first semiconductor layer throughthe layer comprised of a metal-containing oxide so that an implant peakof implanted ions is located within the first semiconductor layer;annealing the ion implanted first semiconductor layer; and forming asecond semiconductor layer on the layer comprised of a metal-containingoxide, the second semiconductor layer having the first unit cellgeometry.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first semiconductorlayer and the second semiconductor layer are both comprised ofSi_(1-x)Ge_(x), and where the metal-containing oxide layer is comprisedof a rare earth metal.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstsemiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer are bothcomprised of Si_(1-x)Ge_(x), and where the metal-containing oxide layeris comprised of at least one of cerium oxide (CeO₂), lanthanum oxide(La₂O₃), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃), europium oxide(Eu₂O₃), terbium oxide (Tb₂O₃), a material ABO₃, where ‘A’ and ‘B’ maybe any rare earth metal including lanthanum scandium oxide (LaScO₃) andlanthanum yttrium oxide (La_(x)Y_(1-x))₂O₃, samarium yttrium oxide(Sm_(x)Y_(1-x))₂O₃ lanthanum gadolinium oxide (La_(x)Gd_(1-x))₂O₃ andgadolinium europium oxide (Gd_(x)Eu_(1-x))₂O₃.
 4. The method of claim 1,where the step of implanting forms dislocation nucleation centers in thefirst semiconductor layer, where the step annealing forms misfitdislocations originating from the nucleation centers, and where themetal-containing oxide layer inhibits propagation of the misfitdislocations into the second semiconductor layer.
 5. The method of claim1, where the first semiconductor layer is formed as a strained layercomprised of Si_(1-x)Ge_(x), and where the step of annealing strainrelaxes the first semiconductor layer.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherethe first unit cell geometry exhibits a diamond lattice crystalstructure, and where the second unit cell geometry exhibits is a cubiclattice crystal structure.
 7. The method of claim 1, where the step ofepitaxially depositing the layer comprised of the metal-containing oxidedeposits the layer to have a thickness in a range of about 10 nm toabout 100 nm, or a thickness in an range of about 20 nm to about 50 nm,or to have a thickness of about 30 nm.
 8. The method as in claim 1,where the second semiconductor layer is Si_(1-x)Ge_(x), and furthercomprising depositing a layer of strained silicon on a top surface ofthe second semiconductor layer.
 9. The method as in claim 1, where thefirst semiconductor layer is Si_(1-x)Ge_(x), and further comprisingdepositing a further layer of Si_(1-x)Ge_(x) on a top surface of thesecond semiconductor layer, where the value of x in the further layer ofSi_(1-x)Ge_(x) concentration is greater than the value of x in the firstsemiconductor layer.